Eiche (Quercus robur)
Eichen gehören zu den Laubhölzerart und sind in ganzen Europa verbreitet, vor allem im zentralen und südlichen Teil des Europas. Weitere Verbreitung auf die nördlichen Gebieten im Baltikum ist Lettland und südliche Bezirke von Estland.
Wegen des rauen Klimas im nordlichen Regionen gewachsene Eichendichte ist besonders hoch, erreicht sogar 750 kg/m3, Holzhärte nach Brinell ist durchschnitlich 42MPa. Diese Eichen sind zweigig mit leichter Tönung und ausgeprägter Textur.
Eichenholz ist geeignet für der Herstellung der verschleißfesten Bodendeckung, deren Ausnutzung für die Herstellung von Bodendeckungen im ganzen Welt populär ist.
Eichenboden je nach der Bearbeitung zuweist im Raum altertümlichkeit, hervorruft ästhetisch verfeinerte Innenaustattungsausgestaltung. Deswegen hochen Dichtigkeit, die sind in industriallen Bodenbelagen verwendet.
Esche (Fraxinus excelsior)
Esche ist schon vor langen Zeit hoch bewertetes Nutzholz mit den Eigenschaften, die wesentlich nicht von Eichenholz zurückbleibt.
Im Vergleich zu Eichen, Esche ist raschwüchsig, im gemischten Laubwälder erreicht esche die Höhe von 20m. Splintholz ist hell, aber Kernholz ist graubraun.
In der Herstellungs von Bodenbretter nach besonderen hydrodinamischer Bearbeitung mit dem Wasserdampf die unterschiedliche Töne werden ausgeglichen und in dem Resultat aus diesen Bodenbretter hineingebreitetes Boden sieht homogen aus. Dichte von Eschen erreicht 650 kg/m3 und die Festigkeit nach Brinell erreicht 41MPa, was nur ein bisschen von Eichenhärte zurückbleibt.
Designer und Arhitekten wählen das Eschenboden in den hochen Auslastungsräume aus, für denen es notwendig ist ein leichter Helligkeit zuzuteilen. Deswegen leichter Tönung, Eschenboden werden in den Räumen hineingebreitet, wo in den Wandausgestaltungen darkreiche Töne sind, für ein eingenehmen Kontrast zu schaffen. Relativ oft das wird in Kinderräume, Korridore, Sprotboden, Säle, Bühnen und Treppen verwendet.
Oak wood common & historical usage
Oak wood has a density of about 0.75 g/cm3, great strength and hardness, and is very resistant to insect and fungal attack because of its high tannin content. It also has very appealing grain markings, particularly when quartersawn. Oak planking was common on high status Viking longships in the 9th and 10th centuries. The wood was hewn from green logs,by axe and wedge, to produce radial planks, similar to quarter sawn timber. Wide, quarter-sawn boards of oak have been prized since the Middle Ages for use in interior paneling of prestigious buildings such as the debating chamber of the House of Commons in London, and in the construction of fine furniture.
Oak wood, from Quercus robur and Quercus petraea, was used in Europe for the construction of ships, especially naval men of war, until the 19th century, and was the principal timber used in the construction of European timber-framed buildings.
Today oak wood is still commonly used for furniture making and flooring, timber frame buildings, and for veneer production. Barrels in which wines, sherry, and spirits such as brandy, Scotch whisky and Bourbon whiskey are aged are made from European and American oak. The use of oak in wine can add many different dimensions to wine based on the type and style of the oak. Oak barrels, which may be charred before use, contribute to the colour, taste, and aroma of the contents, imparting a desirable oaky vanillin flavour to these drinks. The great dilemma for wine producers is to choose between French and American oakwoods. French oaks (Quercus robur, Q. petraea) give the wine greater refinement and are chosen for the best wines since they increase the price compared to those aged in American oak wood. American oak contributes greater texture and resistance to ageing, but produces more violent wine bouquets. Oak wood chips are used for smoking fish, meat, cheeses and other foods.
Ash wood common & historical usage
The resilience and rapid growth made it an important resource for smallholders and farmers. It was probably the most versatile wood in the countryside with wide-ranging uses. Until World War II the trees were often coppiced on a ten year cycle to provide a sustainable source of timber for fuel and poles for building and woodworking.
The colour of the wood ranges from creamy white through light brown, and the heart wood may be a darker olive-brown. Ash timber is hard, tough and very hard-wearing, with a coarse open grain and a density of 710 kg per cubic meter. It lacks oak’s natural resistance to decay, and is not as suitable for posts buried in the ground. Because of its high flexibility, shock-resistance and resistance to splitting, ash wood is the traditional material for bows, tool handles, especially for hammers and axes, tennis rackets and snooker cue sticks and it was extensively used in the construction of early aircraft. Ash is valuable as firewood because it burns well even when ‚green‘ (freshly cut). Ash was coppiced, often in hedgerows, and evidence in the form of some huge boles with multiple trunks emerging at head height can still be seen in parts of Britain. In Northumberland, crab and lobster pots (traps) sometimes known as ‚creeves‘ by local people are still made from ash sticks. Because of its elasticity European Ash wood was commonly used for walking sticks. Poles were cut from a coppice and the ends heated in steam. The wood could then be bent in a curved vise to form the handle of the walking stick. The light colour and attractive grain of ash wood make it popular in modern furniture such as chairs, dining tables, doors and other architectural features and wood flooring, although the wood is often popularly stained jet black.
Ash is the only wood used for the manufacture of hurleys, referred to as hurls in parts of Leinster and known as a camán in Irish, the timber sticks used in the game of hurling in Ireland. Hurleys are manufactured from the butt log (bottom 1.5 metre of the stem) and from trees ideally of a diameter at breast height of approximately 25-30 centimetres. Only fast grown, straight and knot free ash can be used for this purpose. Due to the lack of available ash in Ireland, over 75% of the timber needed to produce the 350,000 hurleys required for the game annually must be imported, mostly from eastern European countries. The importance of ash timber to the game of hurling is reflected in the fact that the game is referred to all over Ireland as „The Clash Of The Ash“.
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